The HVAC industry has seen many changes over the years. They have been constantly innovating and revolutionizing systems to meet ever-growing efficiency demands. Variable Frequency drive (VFD), also known by Inverter and Variable Speed drive (VSD), are examples of such technologies.
1. Inverter technology
The Variable Frequency Driver (VFD) is an electronic power element that controls the compressor's rotational speed (RPM). It does this by changing the frequency of the motor supply.
2. Inverter Technology's Benefits
Heat pumps and chillers are typically only used at part load. The chiller compressor can spend many hours operating in an off-design mode. Part load operation requires that the chiller compressor performs as efficiently and reliably as possible. Find out why part load efficiency matters.
3. Energy performance
Inverter technology is able to ensure chiller performance regardless the cooling demand. Variable Frequency drive (VFD), technology allows chillers to adapt to varying loads, regardless of their requirements. Inverter technology regulates the speed of the compressor's motor. This allows chillers to work efficiently and to the compressor's capacity. Variable Frequency Drive is a technology that provides chillers with exceptional part load and seasonal efficiency. It also offers a great solution for energy conservation.
4. Start current lower
VFDs usually have a lower starting current than other starters. An Inverter may help to reduce this. At full load, the inrush current is not greater than the currant. This feature can help reduce electrical installation costs. It also allows for the highest possible inrush current to be available when local institutions are provided.
5. Regulations compliance
Inverter-driven compressors can make heat pumps and chillers extremely efficient, which can lead to a steady reduction in operating costs. This is important because it aligns with the EU Eco-design Directive and recent European regulations on HVAC equipment performance. The EU Energy Performance Buildings Directive (EU EPBD), is making the Inverter technology more important.
6. Green Building
VFD in heating or cooling equipment is an important consideration. It is also recommended when reviewing Green Building projects under the protocols BREEAM or LEED.
7. Daikin refrigerant-cooled Inverter
Daikin Applied UK is a global leader in Inverter technology. It is available for screw, scroll, and centrifugal compressors. Since 2004, Daikin has been combining its Single Screw compressors and air-cooled Inverter technology. Daikin introduced the refrigerant cooled Inverter in 2013 for Screw Compressors. This is available since 2019. It is integrated directly into the compressor's body, making it different from other VFD types. This allows the Inverter's electronics to be cooled using the refrigerant in its circuit.
:> Differences between Inverter types that are refrigerant-cooled or other:
Inverters are generally air-cooled. The airflow required to cool the VFD is dependent on the characteristics of the air, such as temperature and density. Altitude and ambient temperature are also important considerations when using an air-cooled Inverter. This Inverter's power and current can be affected by the temperature and altitude at which it is rated. Air-cooled VFDs must be controlled according to the ambient conditions.
Glycol is another way to cool VFDs. The heat from the Inverter can be removed using glycol. This mixture moves into a loop between electrical panels, where the VFD components are. Finally, it is rejected to the ambient by a heat exchanger that is in contact with the ambient. The ambient temperature can affect the system's effectiveness as the glycol coolant cannot be kept below that temperature. The glycol mixture is moved through the cooling loop using a dedicated pump. This is a sensitive component that requires frequent dedicated maintenance.
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